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How to ThinkIn the Age of AI
Definitionv1DF-566

Confounding

the technical term for what goes wrong when you change multiple variables simultaneously, where a confounding variable correlates with both your change and your outcome, making it impossible to determine which one actually caused the result

Why This Is a Definition

This definition precisely establishes the meaning of 'confounding' by naming the term, identifying its category (technical term for a problem), and stating its distinguishing characteristics (correlation with both change and outcome, preventing determination of actual cause). It distinguishes this from mere correlation and clearly defines the problem it describes.