What is theory of knowledge?

Example: A software engineer insists that the only valid knowledge comes from controlled experiments and peer-reviewed studies. They dismiss a colleague's pattern-based intuition about system failures — intuition built from a decade of production incidents — because it 'isn't backed by data.' Their epistemology (only empirical evidence counts as knowledge) is silently filtering out an entire category of legitimate knowing. They don't realize they're running a filter. They think they're being rigorous.

This concept is part of Meta-Schemas in the How to Think curriculum, which builds the epistemic infrastructure for meta-schemas.