What does it mean that typed links carry more information than untyped links?

A link labeled causes is more useful than a generic link labeled related.

Example: You have two notes: 'Sleep deprivation' and 'Decision fatigue.' A generic link says they're related. A typed link labeled 'causes' says sleep deprivation produces decision fatigue. Another typed link labeled 'exemplifies' from a note on 'Your Monday afternoon meeting disasters' to 'Decision fatigue' explains why. Now you can traverse a causal chain — not just see a cloud of associated topics.

Try this: Open your note system and find five links between notes. For each one, write a one-word label that describes the relationship: causes, contradicts, extends, supports, exemplifies, enables, refines, or something domain-specific. If you cannot name the relationship, ask yourself whether the link is actually informative or just a vague gesture at proximity. Rewrite or remove at least one link that fails this test.